Life
?-?493 [given name Succat; obit. acc. Annals of Ulster; orth. vars. d.?490
DIB; 385-?461 DIW]; Christian missionary and patron of Ireland; b. Bannavem
Taberniae, nr. west coast of Roman Britain, prob. nr. Dumbarton, Monmouthshire;
grandson of Christian priest Potitus and son of Calpurnius, a deacon (and
his wife Concessa, acc. Muirchu), owner of villula with land and slaves,
and a municipal offical [decurion]; later confesses an early sin committed
in early manhood and poss. connected with pagan and Mithraic practices;
captured by Irish raiders at fifteen c.395-400, though possibly in the
raid by Niall of the Nine Hostages on Britain where that king (the destroyer
of Carleon and four other Roman-British towns) was killed by an arrow
in 405; witnessed devastation of his father’s estate and possible
the death of his parents [‘devasterunt servos et ancillas domus patris
mei’]; sold into service of one Milchu in Ulster for six years, herding
swine [or sheep] on Slemish, Co. Antrim; later in Connaught, West of Ireland
[‘ubi nemo ultra erat’]; instructed by Victoricus in dream-vision
to escape on a ship from port at two hundred miles distance involved in
exporting wolfhounds [apocryphal and err. from ‘carne’, beef
or cattle, in the Confessio, 19]; escaped and boarded ship
at Wexford, poss. at Arklow or Wexford; unwilling to make a compact with
the crew, who invited it some former of blood-brotherhood by sucking their
breasts [‘Come ... we are admitting you out of good faith .. make
friendship with us in any way you wish’]; party ran out of food in
S. Gaul [‘deserta devastata’], when a herd of swine miraculously
appeared in view; prob. ed. for the priesthood at St. Germaine, Auxerre;
spent undetermined period of time in Gaul; poss. student of St. Germanus
of Auxerre, prior to the latter’s being raised to bishop; encountered
missionaries bearing news of the failure of Palladius’s mission to
Ireland mandated by Celestine [‘Ad Scottos in Christem credentes
... Palladius primus episcopus mittitur’, acc. Prosper of Aquitaine,
a.d.431]; saw vision of angel called Victoricus, ‘coming as it were
from Ireland’ with letters, among them one headed Voice of the Irish
[vox Hibernigenarum] from the Woods of Fochlut [‘juxta silva Focluti
quae est prope mare occidentale’] asking him: ‘We beg you, holy
boy, to come hither [‘adhuc’] and walk among us once more in
Ireland’; consecrated by one Amathorex [acc. Muirchu]; reached Ireland
with some 24 clerics incl. one skilled in making ecclesiastical furniture,
c.432 [date given in Annals of Four Masters; liturgically celebrated
on 6 April], landing briefly in Wicklow, and thence moving on by sea to
Strangford Lough; establishes first church on lands of Dichu at Saul;
converts the six sons of Bronach, dg. of his former master Milchu [Miliucc],
who immolates himself in his house rather than accept the new religion
from his former slave, and was made the object of a curse [‘of him
shall be neither king or Tanist; his seed and offspring shall be in bondage
after him; and he shall not come out of hell forever’]; travelled
south to the Boyne valley and confronted druids at the court of the high
king Laegaire [or Leary] at Tara, lighting his own fire in defiance, 25
March, 433; defies royal entourage [Hi in curribus, at hi in equis, nos
autem in nomine Domini nostri ambulabimus …]; engages in conflict
with Lucat Mael and Lochru; reverses the eclipse of the sun [var. snow
and darkness] brought about by druids; destroys Crom Cruach, idol; banishes
snakes from the country [acc. non-documentary legend]; uses trefoil shamrock
to illustrate the doctrine of the Trinity at Tara; converted Ireland to
Christianity in his lifetime; revised the Seanchas Mór, prob. with
Dubthach; records that he baptised thousands in his journeys through Ireland,
ordaining and founding churches; he gave rich gifts to kings and judges;
ecclesiastical foundations at and associations with Downpatrick, Co. Down;
Armagh and Croaghpatrick, Co. Mayo; by tradition held to have shrived
and fasted at Croagh Patrick; author of Epistola ad Milites Corotici
[Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus]; Confessio; also fragmentary
Dicta Patricii; and a text of the same sort, ‘Riagail Padruic’;
the traditionally ascribed Lorica or Breastplate of St. Patrick
is of later provenance; St. Patrick firmly held by Bernard of Clairvaux
to be ‘the apostle who converted the whole Irish nation to the faith
of Christ’ (Life of Columbanus); Book of Armagh presented
to TCD through the intervention of Dr. Reeves, 1855; Catholic and Church
of Ireland churches built at Saul to celebrate the centenary of his arrival
in Ireland, 1932; St. Patrick’s Bell taken from National Museum to
be struck during consecration of High Mass at Eucharistic Congress, 26
June, 1932; Patrick considered author of earliest document written in
Ireland; controversy concerning so-called ‘two St. Patricks’
initiated by Thomas F. O’Rahilly in 1942; Patrician Year celebrated,
1961, declared by the Irish Catholic hierarchy in commemoration of the
1500th anniversary of his death. DNB DIW DIB
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Manuscript & Early Editions, 1] Collectanea [called Brevarium by Eoin MacNeill], an MS life by Tírechán of Mayo, pupil of Bishop Ultan of Ardbraccan, Co. Meath [d.657], based on oral and written accounts by Ultan on behalf of the Connaught dynasty at Tara in and supporting the claims of Armagh to paruchia Patricii; written c.664-68 [var. c.680] and preserved in Book of Armagh. 2] MS life of Patrick by Muirchú Maccu-Machtheni (c.699), written at the behest of Aedh, Bishop of Sletty, also preserved in the Book of Armagh [with another copy in Royal Library of Brussels as MS No. 64], along with the oldest of 6 extant copies of the Confessio and other Patrician documents including the Collectanea of Tírechán and Liber Angeli [containing three entries, viz, a reference to journeying in isles of Tyrhenian sea; a quotation from Epist. Coroticus, and a prob. apocryphal sentence enjoining the use of the Kyrie Eleison among ‘Roman’ Catholics]. 3] a Latin life by Joscelin of Furness [vars. Jocelin, Joceline] (1153; var. 1186), elicited by John de Courci during his invasion of Ulster, and incl. as Tractatus de Purgatorio S. Patricii ‘A Latin Narrative of the Life and Miracles of St. Patrick’ in Thomas Massingham, Florilegum Insulae Sanctorum Hiberniae [2 vols.] (Paris 1624), of which the original, along with David Rothe’s ‘Distinction of Purgatories’, is held in the BL as MS Arundel 292. 4] other medieval accounts of Lough Derg by Sir William de Lisle (in Froissart) and Georgius Crissaphan; Philip O’Sullivan Beare, Patritiana Decas (1629), a life of St. Patrick in 10 parts; John Colgan included seven ‘lives’ of Patrick in his Triadis Thaumaturgae (1647), though not any of those in the Book of Armagh, but including the Tripartite Life [‘Bethu Phadraic’; var. ‘Beatha Padraic’].
Modern editions, George Thomas Stokes and Charles H. H. Wright, trans., The Writings of St. Patrick the Apostle of Ireland: A Revised Translation, with history and critical notes [3rd Thousand] (London: J. Nisbet; Dublin: Hodges Figgis 1887), 79pp.; Newport J. D. White, ed. and intro., Libri Sancti Patricii, the Latin Writings of St. Patrick (Dublin 1905); Ludwig Bieler, ed., Libri Epistolarum Sancti Patricii Episcopi [Confessio and Epistola], 2 vols. (Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission 1952), Pt. 1: Introduction and Text; Pt. II: Commentary; Ludwig Bieler, The Works of St. Patrick [with] St Secundinus’ Hymn on St. Patrick [Ancient Christian Writers 17] (Westminster, Maryland: The Newman Press; London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1953); Ludwig Bieler, ed., The Patrician Texs in the Book of Armagh [Scriptores Latini Hiberniae 10] (Dublin 1979); A. B. E. Hood, trans., Confessio and Letter to Coroticus (Phillimore 1979); Bishop Duffy, St. Patrick in his Own Words [Confession] (Dublin: Veritas 2000), 96pp.
Bibliographical details
The Tripartite Life (orig. compiled c.895-901; MS copies known to have existed in MS, now lost, of 1477; incorporates material of Muirchu and Tirechan along with many additional miracles, including that in which St. Patrick runs chariot over adulterous sister Lupait; most popular life of Patrick for Irish-speaking community; Patrick spend childhood in fosterage in Britain; gains possession of the Baculus Jesu; incl. Saint Patrick’s Breastplate (otherwise Lorica, or ‘The Deer’s Cry’), integrated with the story of Patrick at Tara; adds the Croaghpatrick (Cruachan) story to the accumulated legends. [See Kenney, infra.]
Sir Samuel Ferguson, The Confession of St. Patrick, translated into blank verse by Sir Samuel Ferguson, LLD, Pres. Royal Irish Academy [Transactions of RIA, Vol. XXVII; Polite literature and Antiquities, VI] (Dublin: RIA 1885) [cited in Rev. George Thomas Stokes, DD., and the Rev. Charles H. H. Wright, DD, Writings of St Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland, a revised translation, with Notes, Critical and Historical (Dublin: Hodges Figgis & Co. [for Dublin Univ.]; London: James Nisbet & Co. 1887), Ferguson writes, ‘it was the first occasion on which he experienced what he conceived to be the presence of an in-dwelling coercer of his will, to obedience to whose promptings all his subsequent life was to be conformed.’ [Ferg., p.113-14; cited Stokes, p.40].
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Edmund L. Swift, The Life and Acts of Saint Patrick (Hibernia Press Co. Dublin 1809), 8o [trans. of Jocelin].
Anon., The Life of St. Patrick to which is added the celebrated hymn by his Disciple St. Fiech (Dublin: H. Fitzgerald 1810) [attrib. to Patrick Lynch: BML Catl.].
William Monck Mason, The Catholic Religion of St. Patrick and St. Columbkill (Dublin 1822).
James Henthorn Todd, St. Patrick Apostle of Ireland (1864).
R. Steele Nicholson, St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland in the 3rd Century: the story of his mission by Pope Celestine in AD 431 and his Connexion with the Church of Rome Proved to be Mere Fiction, with an appendix containing the Confession and an epistle to Coroticus (Dublin: McGlashan & Gill 1868).
Mary Cusack, The Life of Saint Patrick: Apostle of Ireland (London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1871), 656pp., folio, containing the ‘Tripartite Life’ in trans. by W. M. Hennessy.
Aubrey de Vere, The Legends of St. Patrick (London: Henry S. King 1872) [stanzaic poetry].
The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick: including the life by Jocelin, hitherto unpublished in America, and his extant writings; illustrated with the most ancient engravings of our great national saint with a preface and chronological table by James O’Leary [Irish fireside library; 7th Edn] (NY: P. J. Kenedy 1883), iv, 350pp.; 18cm. [Cover-title: All that is known of St. Patrick. - Spine title: Life and legends of St. Patrick.]
Whitley Stokes, ed., The Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, 2 vols. (Rolls Series 1887) [being an edition-translation of Bethu Pathraic, Rawlinson B 512, with a compilation of other biographical documents on Patrick in the second volume].
William Cathcart, The Ancient British and Irish Churches, including the Life and Labours of St. Patrick (London: Baptist Book Co. 1894), 347pp..
J[ohn] B[agnell] Bury, The Life of St. Patrick and his Place in History (1905).
Rev. Newport J. D White, St. Patrick: His Writings and Life [Translations of Christian Literature, Ser. V: Lives of the Celtic Saints] (London & NY: Macmillan 1920) [incl. English trans of Muirchú Life of Patrick].
Rev. John Roche Ardill, St. Patrick, AD 180 (London: John Murray 1931).
Eoin MacNeill, St. Patrick: Apostle of Ireland (London: Sheed & Ward 1934).
Mrs. Thomas Concannon [Helena Walsh], St. Patrick: His Life and Mission (London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1931).
Oliver St. John Gogarty, I Follow St. Patrick (London: Rich & Cowan 1938), 336pp., with index.
Rev. John Ryan, S.J., ‘The Two Patricks’, in Irish Ecclesiastical Record (Oct. 1942), pp.241-52.
Ludwig Bieler, The Life and Legend of St. Patrick (Dublin: Clonmore & Reynolds 1949).
Rev. John Ryan, S.J., ed., St. Patrick [Thomas Davis Lectures] (Radio Éireann 1958) [contribs. James Carney, Mario Esposito, Ludwig Biler, Seán Mac Airt, Paul Grosjean, S.J.].
G. A. Chamberlain, St. Patrick and his World [2nd edn.] (Dublin: APCK 1959).
D. A. Binchy, ‘St. Patrick and his Biographers, Ancient and Modern’, in Studia Hibernica (1962) [q.pp.].
Tomas O Fiaich, ‘The Beginning of Christianity’, in Moody and Martin, eds., A Course of Irish History (RTE 1967), pp.61-75.
R. P. C. Hanson, Saint Patrick: His Origins and Career (Clarendon Press: Oxford 1968), 248pp..
Tom Corfe, St. Patrick and Irish Christianity [Cambridge Introduction to the History of Mankind] (Cambridge UP 1973).
James Carney, The Problem of St. Patrick (DIAS 1973), 193pp. [see Bibliography, in Archives].
R[ichard] P[atrick] C[rosland] Hanson [Bishop of Clogher], ‘The Omissions in the Text of the Confession of St. Patrick in the Book of Armagh’, in Elizabeth Livingstone, ed., Studia Patristica, Vol. 12, Pt. I (1975), pp.91-95.
Brian de Breffny, In the Steps of St. Patrick (London: Thames and Hudson 1982).
Richard Sharpe, ‘Palaeographical Considerations in the Study of the Patrician Documents in the Book of Armagh’, in Scriptorium, XXXVI (1982), q.pp..
R. P. C. Hanson, The Life and Writings of the Historical St. Patrick (New York [q.pub.] 1983).
Alannah Hopkin, The Living Legend of St. Patrick (NY: St Martin’s Press 1989).
George Otto Simms, St. Patrick: the Real Story of St. Patrick Who Became Ireland’s Patron Saint (Dublin: O’Brien Press 1991, 1993), ill David Rooney.
David N. Dumville, Saint Patrick AD 493-1993 (London: Boydell & Brewer 1993) [Boydell Press], 192pp.
Liam de Paor, Saint Patrick’s World: The Christian Culture of Ireland’s Apostolic Age (Blackrock: Four Courts 1993), 335pp..
D. R. Howlett, ed., The Letter Book of Saint Patrick the Bishop (Blackrock: Four Courts 1993), 134pp..
Cormac Bourke, Patrick, The Archaeology of a Saint (HMSO Ulster Mus. 1994), 72pp. col. ill..
Bernadette Cunningham & Raymond Gillespie, ‘“The Most Adaptable of Saints”: The Cult of St. Patrick in the Seventeenth Century’, in Archivium Hibernicum, Vol. 49 (1995), pp.92-93.
Lesley Whiteside, St. Patrick in Stained Glass (Dublin: gill & Macmillan 1998), phot. ill. Paul Larmour.
Máire de Paor, PBMV, Patrick the Pilgrim Apostle of Ireland (Dublin Veritas 1998), 323pp..
Bridget McCormack, Perceptions of St Patrick in Eighteenth-century Ireland (Dublin: Four Courts 2000), 128pp.
Nessa Ní Shéaghdha, ed., Agallamh na Seanórach, 3 vols (1942-45).
Brian de Breffny, In the Steps of St. Patrick (London: Thames and Hudson 1982), pp.112
[Patrick Lynch], The Life of Saint Patrick, / Apostle of Ireland: / to which is added, / in the original Irish character / (with both a Latin and an English translation) / the Celebrated Hymn / composed above 1200 Years since / by his disciple, Saint Fiech; / comprehending a Compendious History of his Life / annexed is a / Copious Appendix /containing a summary account of the various ecclesiastical Institutions, Orders, Edifices, and Establishments in Ireland, since the introduction of the Christ Religion / also a Chronological Table/of the / Archbishops of Armagh, Dublin, Cashell, and Tuam, from the death of St. Patrick till the present year. / Together with an abstract of Irish Grammar (Dublin: printed by H. Fitzpatrick, No. 4 Capel-Street, Printer and Bookseller to the R. C. College of St. Patrick, Maynooth; 1810; entered in Stationers’ Hall. 350pp.
George Thomas Stokes, Writings of St Patrick, the Apostle of Ireland, a revised translation, with Notes, critical and historical (London: James Nisbet & Co.; Dublin: Hodges Figgis & Co. 1887).
Standish Hayes O’Grady, Silva Gadelica: Translation and Notes (London: Williams & Norgate, 1892), pp.118-22, 164f.].
Standish James O’Grady has St. Patrick and the pagans resolve their differences in Finn and His Companions. [email comm. Ed. Hagan, Irish Studies 9 Jan. 1998.]
W. B. Yeats: His Wanderings of Oisin narrates the return of the old hero of the Fianna Cycle from Tir na nÓg and his meeting with St. Patrick, to whom he gives an account of his experiences, in Francis Shaw, ‘The Celtic Element in the Poetry of W. B. Yeats’, Studies (June 1934); and quotes Yeats’s note to the Collected Poems of 1912: ‘The poem is founded upon the Middle Irish dialogue of S. Patrick and Oisin and a certain Gaelic poem of the last century [Michael Comyn]. The event it describes, like the events in most of the poems of this volume, are supposed to have taken place rather in the indefinite period, made up of many centuries, described by the folk-tales, than in any particular century; it therefore, like the later Fenian stories themselves, mixes much that is medieval with much that is ancient.’ (idem.)
William Bullen Morris, Ireland and St Patrick (London & NY: Burns and Oates; Dublin M. H. Gill & Son, 1891), 307pp.
T. C. Croker, The Popular Songs of Ireland (London: Routledge 1886), contains a first chapter on the ‘Songs of St. Patrick’, pp.9-34.
Rev. S. Malone, PP, MRIA, St. Patrick (Dublin: Browne & Nolan; M H Gill & Son 1900).
James Joyce (as related by Padraic Colum), see Colum, [untitled] memoir of Joyce, in Ulick O’Connor, ed., The Joyce We Knew, Mercier Press 1967, p.87.
Oliver St John Gogarty, I Follow St. Patrick (London: Rich & Cowan 1938).
Samuel Beckett, The Calmative [remembered dream of St. Patrick], in The Expelled, &c., 1980, p.56.)
John Philip Cohane, The Indestructible Irish (NY: Hawthorn Books 1969), p.189.
Seán de Fréine, The Great Silence: the study of a relationship between language and nationality, Mercier 1978, p.95.
Alannah Hopkin, The Living Legend of St. Patrick (1989), pp.39ff..
Sotheby Catalogue (Dec. 1997), relating to The Book of Armagh.
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Dictionary of National Biography, orig. Succat; b. Ailclyde, now Dumbarton; captured in raid of Picts and Scots, 389; sold to Miliuc, chieftain of Antrim; six years of bondage; went to Gaul; studied under Martin of Tours; returned to Britain; felt call to preach to Irish; episcopal consecration; landed Wicklow, accompanied by party, 405; hostile reception; proceeded up east coast to Strangford Lough; remained there until he had converted the Ulstermen; journeyed throughout Ireland; founded first missionary settlement nr. Armagh; prob. d. 463; bur. at Armagh acc. St Bernard; works are Epistles, consisting of Confession, the letter to Coroticus, and an Irish hymn (‘all genuine’); early life by Muirchu; all the foregoing tampered with bringing into line with legendary life acc. to which foreign missionary experience delayed his arrival in Ireland to aetat 60 due to influence of later Irish contacts with Canterbury and pretensions to learning.
James Carney, The Problem of St. Patrick (DIAS 1973), Select Bibliography lists Ludwig Bieler, The Problem of Silva Focluti’, Irish Historical Studies (September 1943), pp.351-54; Ludwig Bieler, The Life and Legend of St. Patrick (Clonmore and Reynolds Dublin 1949); Ludwig [ed.,] Libri Epistolarum Sancti Patricii Episcopi, Part I, Introduction and Text [Irish Manuscripts Commission] (Dublin Stationary Office 1952); Do., Part II, Commentary [rep. from Classica et Mediaevalia, XII]; Bieler, ‘The Hymn of St. Secundinus’, Vol. 55 .Section C (Proc. RIA. [q.d.]). pp.117-27; Bieler, The Works of St. Patrick, St. Secundinus’ Hymn on St. Patrick [Ancient Christian Writers Ser. No. 17: The Works of the Fathers in Translation] (Westrninister, Maryland: Newman Press; London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1953); Bieler, ‘The Mission of Palladius’, in Traditio, Vol. VI [q..d], pp.1-32; Bieler, ‘Was Palladius surnamed Patricius?’, in Studies [q. vol.] (1943), pp.323-6; Bieler, ‘Vinaliciae Patricianae, Remarks on the present state of Patrician studies’, in Irish Eccelesiastical Record (1953), pp.161-85; Bieler, Ludwig, ‘Patrick and the Kings’, Apropos a New Chronology of St. Patrick, in Irish Eccelesiastical Record (1956), pp.171-89; Bieler, ‘St. Secundinus and Armagh’, in Seanchas Ardmhacha, Vol. II, No. 1 [q.d.], pp.21-7; Bieler, ‘The Lives of Saint Patrick and the Book of Armagh’, in Rev. John Ryan, S.J., ed., Saint Patrick [Thomas Davis Lectures] (Radio Éireann 1958); Daniel Binchy, ‘The Fair of Tailtiu and the Feast of Tara’, in Ériu, Vol. XVIII (1958), pp.113-38; Binchy, ‘The Background of Farly Irish Literature’, in Studia Hibernica, No. 1 (1961), pp.7-18; J. B. Bury, The Life of St. Patrick and his place in history (London, Macmillan 1905); Bury, ‘Tirechan’s Memoir of St. Patrick’, in English Historical Review (1902), pp.235-67; Bury, ‘Sources of the Early Patrician Documents, in English Historical Review (1904), pp.493-503; James Carney, Studies in Early Irish Literature and History (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 1955); Carney, ‘A New Chronology of the Saint’s Life’, in Rev. John Ryan, S.J., ed., Saint Patrick [Thomas Davis Lectures] (Radio Éireann 1958); John Colgan, Trias Thaumaturga (Louvain 1647); Mario Esposito, ‘St. Patrick’s ‘Confessio’ and the ‘Book of Armagh’, in Irish Historical Studies [q.d.], pp.1-12; Esposito, The Patrician problem and a Possible Solution’, in Irish historical studies (1956), pp.131-55; Esposito, The Problem of the Two Patricks’, in Rev. John Ryan, S.J., ed., Saint Patrick [Thomas Davis Lectures] (Radio Éireann 1958); Rev. Paul Grosjean, S.J., ‘Notes d’Hagiographie Celtique’, Anal. Boll., Tom. LXIII-LXXV: La patrie de S. Patrice, [LXIII] (1945), pp.65-72; Notes chronologiques sur le sejour de S. Patrice en Gaul, pp.73-93; Les periodes de 30 ans dans la chronologie de S. Patrice, 93-9; Quand fint composete la Confession de S. Patrice? 100-11; La "source brittannique" des Vies de S. Patrice 111-9; Paladius episcopus […] qui Patricius, Tom. LXX (1951), pp.317-26; S. Patrice à Auxerre sous S. Germain. Le temoignage des noms Gaulois, Tom. LXXV (1957), pp.158-80; Grosjean, ‘Saint Patrice d’lrlande et quelques homonymes dans les anciens martyrologes’, in Journal of Ecclesiastical History, I, 2 (1950), pp.151[ff.]; Grosjean, ‘An Early Fragment on Saint Patrick in Ui Briuin Breifne contained in the Life of Saint Benen (Benignus) of Armagh’, in Seanchas Ardmhacha, Vol. I, No. I [q.d.], pp.31-44; Grosjean, ‘The Confession of Saint Patrick’, in Rev. John Ryan, S.J., ed., Saint Patrick [Thomas Davis Lectures] (Radio Éireann 1958); Rev. Aubrey Gwynn, S.J., ‘St. Patrick and Rome’, in Irish Eccelesiastical Record (April 1961), pp.217-22; John Gwynn, ed., Liber Ardmachanus: The Book of Armagh, with Introduction and Appendices (Dublin 1913); Rev. H. J. Lawlor and R. I. Best, ‘The Ancient List of the Coarbs of Patrick’, in Proc. RIA, Vol. XXXV, Section C [q.d.], pp.316-562; Seán Mac Airt, ‘The Chronology of St. Patrick’, in Seanchas Ardmhacha, Vol. II, No. I [q.d.], pp.4-9; Mac Airt, The Churches Founded by St. Patrick’, in Rev. John Ryan, S.J., ed., Saint Patrick [Thomas Davis Lectures] (Radio Éireann 1958); Eoin MacNeill, St. Patrick Apostle of Ireland (London: Sheed and Ward 1934); MacNeill, ‘The Hymn of St. Secundinus in Honour of St. Patrick’, Vol. II No. 5 [IMS; q.d.], pp.129-53; MacNeill, ‘The Other Patrick’, in Studies (1943), pp.308-22; Gerard Murphy, ‘The Two Patricks, Studies (1943), pp.297-307; Rev. D. S. Nerney, S.J., ‘A Study of St. Patrick’s Sources: I: Introduction, Relation of Scripta S. Patricii to the Corinthian Epistles, in Irish Eccelesiastical Record (June 1949), pp.497-507; II: The Doctrine of Divine Vocation, in Ibid. (July 1949), pp.14-26; III. His Theology contrasted with the Errors of Pelagius and the Massilienses, in Ibid. (August 1949), pp.97-110; 1V. Proof of Divine Vocation, in Ibid. (September 1949), pp.263-80; Rev. J. F. O’Doherty, review of O’Rahilly’s The Two Patricks, in Irish Historical Studies (March 1943), pp.323-29; Tomás Ó Fiaich, Rev., ‘St. Patrick and Armagh’ [Pt. I], in Irish Eccelesiastical Record (March 1958), pp.153-70; Fiaich, ‘St. Patrick and Armagh’ [Pt. I], in Irish Eccelesiastical Record (April 1961), pp.229-35; Thomas F. O’Rahilly, The Two Patricks (Dublin lnstitute for Advanced Studies 1942); O’Rahilly, ‘On the Origin of the Names Erainn and Eriu’, in Eriu, XIV (1946), pp.7-28; O’Rahilly, review of Bieler’s The Life and Legend of St. Patrick, in Irish Historical Studies (March 1953), pp.268-79; Tarlach Raifeartaigh, ‘Na Teoirici Nua, Seanchas Ardmhacha [n.d.] Vol. 1I, pp.9-21; Rev. John Ryan, S.J., Irish Monasticism, Origins and Early Development (Dublin: Talbot Press 1931); Ryan, ‘The Two Patricks’, in Irish Eccelesiastical Record (October 1942), pp.241-52; Ryan, ed., St. Patrick [Thomas Davis Lectures] (Radio Éireann 1958) [contribs. James Carney, Mario Esposito, Ludwig Bieler, Seán Mac Airt, Rev. Paul Grosjean, S.J.]; Ryan, ‘The Traditional Viezzo of St. Patrick’, in Ryan, ed., St. Patrick [Thomas Davis Lectures] (Radio Éireann 1958); Rev. Francis Shaw, S.J., ‘The Linguistic Argument for Two Patricks’, in Studies (1943), pp.315-22; Shaw, ‘The Myth of the Second Patrick’, in Studies (1961), pp.5-27; Whitley Stokes, ed., The Tripartite Life of Patrick, with other documents relating to that Saint; with translations and indexes, in two parts, (Rolls Series 1887); Stokes, ed., On the Calendar of Oengus [Irish MS. Ser. Vol. I] (RIA Transactions 1880); and Do. [another edn.] (Henry Bradshaw Society 1905); James Henthorn Todd, St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, A Memoir of his Life and Mission (Dublin 1864); Rev. Newport J. D. White, ed., Libri Sancti Patricii: The Latin Writings of St. Patrick, with introduction, translation, and notes (Dublin 1905); White, St. Patrick, His Writings and Life [Lives of the Celtic Saints Ser. No. V of Translations of Christian Literature (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge; NY: Macmillan Company 1920) [incl. translation of Muirchu’s Life].
Hyland Books (Cat. 220) list E. J. Newell, St. Patrick, His Life & Teaching (c.1890); Michael J. O’Farrell, A Popular Life of St. Patrick (NY 1896); also Cat. 224: Chas. H. H. Wright, The Writings of St. Patrick (RTS c.1900).
British Museum (“Saint Patrick”): [1] An address to the public, on the expediency of supporting Saint Patrick’s Chapel, Sutton-Street, Soho, etc. [By Arthur O’Leary?]. [London:] Patrick Keating, 1791. pp.11. 8o. [2] Bonny Annie’s Elopement, with the Pursuit and Disappointment. To which are added, The lover’s disappointment. Phillis and Nancy. Saint Patrick’s glory. The contented ruricolist. None so pretty. [Songs]. pp.8. J. & M. Robertson: Glasgow, 1803. 12o. [3] Saint Patrick: a national tale of the fifth century. By an Antiquary [i.e.-Rennie] [...] 3 vol. A. Constable & Co.: Edinburgh, 1819. 12o. [4] Lady Florence Eveleen Eleanore Bell, The Dean of Saint Patrick’s. A play in four acts [...] pp.94. Edward Arnold: London, 1903. 8o. [5] The Cathedral Church of Saint Patrick [...]. A new edition, revised by J. E. L. Oulton [...]. With twenty-nine illustrations[...] pp.xi. 87. Talbot Press: Dublin & Cork, 1940. 8o. [6] The Cathedral Church of Saint Patrick. A history & description of the building, with a short account of the deans [...]. With XXXIII illustrations [...] pp.xii. 88. London, 1903. 8o. [7] My Saint Patrick [...]. Pictures by Richard Bennett [...] pp.243. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.: Boston, New York, 1937. 8o. [8] John Bagnell Bury, The Life of Saint Patrick, and his place in history [...] pp.xv. 404. Macmillan & Co.: London, 1905. 8o. [9] Calderon’s Dramas. The Wonder-Working Magician: Life is a Dream: The Purgatory of Saint Patrick. Now first translated fully from the Spanish in the metre of the original by Denis Florence Mac-Carthy [...] pp.xvi. 377. H. S. King & Co.: London, 1873. 8o. [10] [Saint Patrick, héros et apôtre de l’Irelande.] Saint Patrick, Apostle of Ireland [...]. Translated [...]. by Fergus Murphy. Illustrations by David Kelly [...] pp.64. Clonmore & Reynolds: Dublin 1959 [1960]. 8o. [11] Helena Concannon, Saint Patrick: his life and mission. [With plates]. pp.xxxiv. 260. Longmans, Green & Co.: London, 1931. 8o. [12] Consecration of the Bishop of Cashel at Saint Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin April 14, 1872 [...] [Dublin? 1872]. n.pp. 25 cm. [13] James C . Costelloe, The Azure-robed Knight and the Lady of the Isles. A poem on the installation of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales as chief Knight of the Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick.[Another copy]. pp.88. George Herbert: Dublin 1874. 8o. [14] Saint Patrick [...] pp.16. Catholic Truth Society: London, 1965. 8o. [15] Alice Curtayne, Saint Patrick, Apostle of Ireland. [With illustrations]. pp.32. Anthonian Press: Dublin [1931.] 8o. [16] The Life of Saint Patrick, Apostle of Ireland. [With "The Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick" translated from the Irish of Saint Evin by William M. Hennessy. With illustrations]. pp.xii. 656. Longmans, Green & Co.: London, 1871. 4o. [17] The Trias Thaumaturga; or, Three wonder-working saints of Ireland, St. Patrick, St. Bridget, and St. Columba. [With "The Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick" translated from the Irish of Saint Evin by William M. Hennessy. With illustrations]. pp.xvi. 10-959. J. G. Murdoch: London, [1877.] 4o. [18] Stefan Zygmun Czarnowski, Le Culte des héros et ses conditions sociales. Saint Patrick, héros national de l’Irlande [...]. Préface de M. H. Hubert [...] pp.xciv. 369. Paris, 1919. 8o. [19] Aodh Sandrach De Blácam, Ambassador of Christ. A three-act drama of Saint Patrick [...] pp.xi. 90. M. H. Gill & Son: Dublin 1945. 8o. [20] Aubrey Thomas De Vere, The Legends of Saint Patrick. [In verse.] [Another edition]. pp.xxx. 248. Henry S. King: London; McGlashan & Gill: Dublin 8o [...] pp.192. Cassell & Co.: London, 1889. 16o. [21] W. H. Dilworth, The Life of Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of Saint Patrick’s, Dublin. [Another edition]. pp.iv. 139. G. Wright: London, 1758. 12o [...] pp.iv. 137. H. Woodgate; S. Brooks: London, 1760. 12o. [22] A Missionary looks at Saint Patrick, etc [...] pp.24. Irish Messenger: Dublin [1961.] 8o. [23] Saint Patrick, A.D. 432-1932. A fifteenth Centenary memorial book. Edited by Rev. Paul Walsh [...] pp.128. pl. 34. Dublin [1932.] fol. [24] Wurra-Wurra. A legend of Saint Patrick at Tara [...]. With illustrations [...]. by John Innes [...] pp.93. Desmond Fitzgerald: New York, [1911.] 16o. [25] The Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick, [...]. translated from the original Irish by W. M. Hennessy. [Another edition.] [26] [Saint Evin, Abbot of Ros-mic-treoin], The Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick, Apostle of Ireland. Translated from the original Irish. By W. M. Hennessy. [With illustrations.] [27] Canon William Fleming, The Life of Saint Patrick, Apostle of Ireland [...] pp.xiii. 178. R. & T. Washbourne: London, 1905. 8o. [28] The Story of Saint Patrick for Boys & Girls [...]. With [...]. illustrations by Mildred R. Lamb[...] pp.61. Talbot Press: Dublin & Cork, [1931.] 8o. [29] Oliver St. John Gogarty, I follow Saint Patrick [...] pp.xi. 335. Constable: London, 1950. 8o. [30] Oliver St. John Gogarty, I Follow Saint Patrick. [On the journeys of St. Patrick. With plates and maps]. pp.336. Rich & Cowan: London, 1938. 8o. [31] Francis Gonne, Saint Patrick. A play [...] pp.59. J. Duffy & Co.: Dublin [1935.] 8o. [32] Richard Patrick Crosland Hanson [Bishop of Clogher] Saint Patrick: His origins and career [...] pp.248. Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1968. 8o. [33] John Healy [successively Coadjutor Bishop of Clonfert, and Archbishop of Tuam] The Life and Writings of Saint Patrick, etc. [With the text of St. Patrick’s works, the hymn of S. Sechnall in praise of S. Patrick, a map and a portrait of the author]. pp.xi. 754. M. H. Gill & Son: Dublin 1905. 8o. [34] The Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick, [...]. translated from the original Irish by W. M. H. [35] Tripartite Life [of Saint Patrick. Translated from the Irish by W. M. H]. [36] John Cashel Hoey, On the Birthplace of Saint Patrick. [37] Saint Patrick. (Naomh Pádraig.) Consulting editor: Rev. John Ryan [Thomas Davis Lectures: RTE]. pp.94. [Dublin] 1958. 8o. [38] Jocelinus, Monk of Furness The life and acts of Saint Patrick the Archbishop, Primate and Apostle of Ireland, now first translated from the original Latin of Jocelin, [...]. with the elucidations of D. Rothe, Bishop of Ossory. By E. L. Swift. (Tractate on the several names of Ireland.) L.P. [Another copy.] [Another copy.] L.P. [Another edition.] [Another edition]. pp.266, viii. 43. vi. Hibernia Press Company: Dublin 1809. 8o [...] 2 pt. Hibernia Press Co.: Dublin 1809. 8o. [39] Henry Jones [successively Bishop of Clogher and of Meath] Saint Patrick’s Purgatory: containing the description, originall, progresse and demolition of that superstitious place.[Another copy]. London, 1647. 4o. [40] Peter Kavanagh, Saint Patrick linking with Saint Jerome in a catena [...] New York: Peter Kavanagh Hand-Press, [1961]. pp.78. 23 cm. [41] George Philip Krapp, The Legend of Saint Patrick’s Purgatory: its later literary history. A dissertation, etc. (The Vision of William Staunton.). pp.vi. 77. John Murphy Co.: Baltimore, 1900. 8o. [42] Saint Patrick’s Purgatory [...]. With an appendix: Saint Patrick’s breastplate in modern Irish and a new English translation by Colm O. Lochlainn. [With plates, including maps]. pp.27. [Colm O Lochlainn, at the Sign of the Three Candles: Dublin 1961.] 8o [...] [...] [43] Saint Patrick’s Purgatory. A record from history and literature. Compiled by S. Leslie. [With plates, including maps and facsimiles.] pp.xlvii. 215. Burns, Oates & Co.: London, 1932. 4o. [44] Winifred Mabel Letts, Saint Patrick, the travelling man, etc [...] pp.127. I. Nicholson & Watson: London, 1932. 8o. [45] Altered and amended rules of the United Assurance and Burial Society of Saint Patrick’s, etc [...] Liverpool, 1857. pp.16. 19 cm. [46] Altered and amended rules of the United Assurance Sick and Burial Society of Saint Patrick, etc [...] Liverpool, 1868. pp.36. 17 cm. [47] Altered and amended rules of the United Assurance Sick and Burial Society of Saint Patrick, etc [...] Liverpool, 1864. pp.36. 17 cm. [48] Saint Patrick’s Charity, for the gratuitous education and clothing of the Children of poor Catholics, and Asylum for female orphans, etc. (Report of the Committee of Governors.). 2 pt. [London,] 1838, 39. 12o. [49] Patrick Lynch [Secretary to the Gaelic Society of Dublin] The Life of Saint Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, to which is added Saint F[i]ech’s Irish hymn [Irish, Lat., and Eng.]: also a copious appendix of the various ecclesiastical institutions, etc. in Ireland [...] Dublin 1828. 12o. [50] John Stewart MacCorry, A Panegyric on Saint Patrick, Patron of Ireland.[Another edition]. Edinburgh, 1851. 12o [...] London, 1871. 8o. [51] [Saint Patrick, Apostle of Ireland.] Saint Patrick [...]. Edited by John Ryan [...]. With a memoir by Michael Tierney, etc. [With five essays by MacNeill, reprinted from various periodicals.][Another copy.] Saint Patrick, etc [...] pp.240. Clonmore & Reynolds: Dublin; Burns & Oates: London, 1964. 8o [...] Dublin; London, 1964. 8o. [52] Philosophical Studies. Annual journal of the Philosophical Society, Saint Patrick’s College, Maynooth. vol. 2, etc. June 1952, etc [...] Maynooth, 1952- . 8o. [53] Christine Mohrmann, The Latin of Saint Patrick. Four lectures[...] pp.54. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies: Dublin 1961. 8o. [54] William Bullen Morris, Ireland & Saint Patrick [...]. Fourth edition [...] pp.xi. 307. Burns & Oates: London, 1907. 8o. [55] William Bullen Morris, Ireland and Saint Patrick [...] pp.xxxi. 307. Burns & Oates: London, 1891. 8o. [56] William Bullen Morris, The Life of Saint Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, with a preliminary enquiry into the authority of the traditional history of the Saint. Title. Second edition.Third edition.Fourth edition [...] London and Edinburgh, 1878. 8o [...] London, Edinburgh, 1878. 8o [...] pp.xviii. 297. Burns & Oates: London, 1888. 8o [...] pp.xviii. 303. Burns & Oates: London & New York, 1890. 8o. [57] Muirchu Maccu Mactheni, Life of Saint Patrick [...]. Translated and edited by Rev. A. Barry [...] pp.xiii. 74. Sealy & Co.: Dublin 1895. 8o. [58] R. Steele Nicholson, Saint Patrick Apostle of Ireland [...]. the story of his mission by Pope Celestine in A.D. 431, and of his connexion with the Church of Rome proved to be a mere fiction: with an appendix, containing his confession and epistle to Coroticus, translated into English [...] Dublin Belfast [printed], 1868. 8o. [59] Sean Ó Ceallaigh [Society for the preservation of the Irish Language], Ireland’s Spiritual Empire. Saint Patrick as a world figure, etc [...] pp.318. M. H. Gill & Son: Dublin 1952. 8o. [60] Rev. Arthur O’ Leary, A Funeral Oration on the late Sovereign Pontiff Pius the Sixth: [...]. to which is prefixed, an account of the solemn obsequies performed to his memory at Saint Patrick’s Chapel, Soho, [...]. on [...]. the 16th of November, 1799.[Another edition]. London, 1799. 8o [...] Dublin 8o. [61] Rev. Arthur O’ Leary, A Sermon, preached at Saint Patrick’s Chapel, Sutton-Street, Soho-Square, on Wednesday, March the 8th, 1797: the day of solemn fast, humiliation, &c [...] pp.50. London printed; re-printed by H. Fitzpatrick: Dublin 1797. 8o. [62] An Apostrophe to the Spiritual Sons and Daughters of Saint Patrick, at home in Hibernia, and scattered over this globe of ours. By an Americo-Hibernian Priest [i.e. Francis Cannon. In verse] [...] pp.32. [1878.] 8o. [63] Faeth fiadha: the Breastplate of Saint Patrick. Translated by Thomas Kinsella, etc. (Revised version.). pp.vii. Dolmen Press: Dublin 1957. 16o. [64] Libri Sancti Patricii: the Latin writings of Saint Patrick. Edited, with introduction, translation, and notes, by N. J. D. White[...] 1905. [65] Saint Patrick, 461-1961. National souvenir of the Patrician Year. [Articles by various authors. With illustrations]. pp.88. Fidelian Publications: Dublin [1961.] 8o. [66] Saint Patrick’s Writings. A modern translation by Arnold Marsh. (Confessio.-The Letter to the soldiers of Coroticus.). pp.28. Dundalgan Press (W. Tempest): Dundalk, 1961. 8o. [67] The Breastplate of Saint Patrick. (Translated by Thomas Kinsella.). pp.8. Dolmen Press: Dublin 1954. 8o. [68] The Epistles and Hymn of Saint Patrick, with the Poem of Secundinus, translated into English. Edited by [...]. Thomas Olden, etc [...] pp.119. S.P.C.K.: London 1889. 8o. [69] The Epistles and Hymn of Saint Patrick, with the poem of Secundinus, translated into English. Edited by [...]. T[homas] Olden. Dublin 1876. 8o. [70] The Epistles and Hymns of Saint Patrick, with the contemporary poem in his praise by Secundinus [...]. Edited by Rev. T. Olden [...]. Third edition, revised[...] pp.128. Christian Knowledge Society: London, 1894. 8o. [71] The Latin Writings of Saint Patrick. Being his Confession and the Epistle to Coroticus. Translated by Delphis Gardner. Illustrated by Phyllis Gardner[...] 2 pt. Asphodel Press: Maidenhead, 1932. 4o. [72] [Saint Patrick: err.] The Life of Saint Patrick [...]. to which is added [...]. the celebrated hymn [...]. by [...]. Saint Fiech, etc [...] 1810. 12o. [73] The Message of Saint Patrick [...] pp.15. S.P.C.K.: London, [1944.] 8o. [74] [err. as 72] The most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick. Including his Life by Jocelin, [...]. and his extant writings (The Confession of St. Patrick-St. Fiech’s metrical Life of St. Patrick-Tripartite Life). [...]. With a preface and chronological table. By Rev. J. O’Leary [...] New York, 1874. 8o. [75] The fundamental Laws, Statutes and Constitutions of the Ancient [...]. Order of the Friendly Brothers of Saint Patrick.[Another edition.][Another copy]. Dublin 1751. 8o [...] Dublin 1763. 8o. [76] Society of Saint Patrick for promoting the exercise of the spiritual and corporal works of mercy. (Rules.). Dublin 1821. 12o. [77] Thomas J. Potter, A Panegyric of Saint Patrick, Patron and Apostle of Ireland [...] Dublin [printed], London, 1864. 12o. [78] A Poem upon R[ove]r, a Lady’s spaniel. [By Jonathan Swift, Dean of Saint Patrick’s, in ridicule of Ambrose Philips’ poem on Miss Carteret.] MS. Note [...] [Dublin? 1725?] s. sh. fol. [79] Abbé Riguet, Saint Patrick (about 389-461) [...]. Translated by C. W. W[...] pp.ix. 163. 1912. [80] Étude critique sur la vie & l’oeuvre de Saint Patrick. Thèse, etc [...] pp.133. Elbeuf, 1883. 8o [81] Saint Patrick’s Purgatory: or, Dr S---t’s [Swift’s] expostulation with his destressed friends in the Tower and elsewhere. Shewing the true reasons why he withdrew himself to Ireland upon a certain occasion; and discovering all that happened to him thereupon. Dedicated to the E--- of Ox-d. With a poetical description of the frozen river of Thames. [The dedication is signed J. S., i.e. Jonathan Swift]. pp.26. R. Burleigh: London, 1716. 8o. [82] The Beasts Confession to the Priest, on observing how most men mistake their own talents. [In verse.] By J. S., D.S.P. [i.e. Jonathan Swift, Dean of Saint Patrick’s]. London, 1738. 8o. [83] Saint George, and Saint Patrick: or, The rival saintesses. An epic poem of the eighteenth century [...] Dublin: printed by William Porter, 1800. pp.30. 8o. [84] Joseph Sanderson, The Story of Saint Patrick. Embracing a sketch of the condition of Ireland before the time of Patrick, during his life, at his death, and immediately after it [...] pp.286. Wilbur B. Ketcham Publishing Co.: New York, 1902. 8o. [85] A check to Popery in South Africa, or, A sermon delivered by Dr. Ricards in Saint Patrick’s Cathedral, Grahamstown, Cape of Good Hope, January 1st, 1868, examined and refuted by an appeal to scripture, antiquity and common sense. Grahamstown: Printed by Richards, Glanville and Co., 1868. vii,120p; 22cm [86] Thomas Joseph Shahan, Saint Patrick in History [...] pp.77. Longmans & Co.: New York, 1904. 8o. [87] John Francis Shearman, Loca Patriciana: an identification of localities, chiefly in Leinster, visited by Saint Patrick and his assistant missionaries; and of some contemporary kings and chieftains. With an essay on the three Patricks, Palladius, Sen Patrick, and Patrick MacCalphurn, Apostles of Ireland in the fifth century.New edition [...] pp.xiii. 495. M. H. Gill & Son: Dublin 1879. 8o [...] pp.xiii. 495. Gill & Son: Dublin 1882. 8o. [BL err. Gilt] [88] Peter Slade, Saint Patrick: a story-play [...] Birmingham: Educational Drama Association, [1967]. pp.43. 22 cm. [89] The Story of Saint Patrick. [Extracted from "Stories of the Irish Saints"] With the Hymn of the Saint in Modern Irish and an introduction [...] pp.39. R.T.S. Office: London, 1932. 8o. [90] Saint Patrick and the Holy Eucharist. The atmosphere of his life and work [...] pp.32. Anthonian Press: Dublin [1933.] 8o. [91] G. M.Tracy [pseud.]Les Irlandais: de Saint Patrick à Bernadette Devlin. ([By] G. M. Tracy, A. A. Mulligan, J. Amalric.). Paris: La Palatine, 1970. pp. 144: pl. 9. 21 cm. [92] John Cotton Walker, Letters on Saint Patrick and the ancient Catholic Church of Ireland [...]. Third edition [...] pp.63. Webb & Jennings: Dublin 1874. 8o. [93] John Cotton Walker, Letters on Saint Patrick and the ancient Catholic Church of Ireland [...]. Third edition [...] pp.63. Webb & Jennings: Dublin 1874. 8o. [Dec. 1997.]
Shamrocks: associated by tradition with the shamrock (Trifolium repens and Trifolium dubium) with which he is supposed to have illustrated the doctrine of the Trinity; the red saltire [cross] was the eighteenth century symbol of Ireland, and as such incorporated in English heraldry; a coin with St. Patrick and a shamrock was minted by the Confederation of Kilkenny in 1644.
Pascal fire: The location of site of St. Patrick’s paschal fire (given as Fertae Fer Féic on seventh-century lives) at the Hill of Slane is the result of John O’Donovan’s erroneous endorsement of John Colgan’s conjecture (Triadas Thaum., p.20, ftn. 60), whereas Dr. Charles O’Conor (Rerum Hib.) more logically ascribed it to Trim on the Boyne on the basis of the reference to Síd Truim in the Félire Oengusso; see Cathy Swift, ‘John O’Donovan and the Framing of early Medieval Ireland in the Nineteenth Century’, in Bullán: An Irish Studies Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, Spring 1994, pp.97-98); Swift further notes that ‘the association of Tara and the mythical palace of King Loiguire [Laoghaire] is more plausibly to be interpreted as a sign of that site’s political imprtance in the later seventh century than as an indication of the Fertae’s geographical location.’ (Swift, ftn. 17, p.102.)
Jean-Michel Picard, ed., Ireland and Northern France a.d. 600-800 (Four Courts Press 1991) [papers to the 1989 Internat. Symp. of Institut de Recherche et d’Histoire des Textes, Paris]. This book incls. a chapter by Charles Doherty on the cult of St. Patrick and 7th century politics of Armagh]. Reviewer mentions another writing on Patrick, Tarlach Ó Raifeartaigh, ‘the enigma of St. Patrick’ (in Seanchas Ard Mhacha, 1989) [Irish Literary Supplement, Fall 1992].
Novel treatment: Stephen Lawhead, Patrick: Son of Ireland (London: HarperCollins 2003), is a full-length fictional life of Succat, son of a distinguished Roman family who is is kidnapped into slavery and becomes known as Corthirthiac among the Druids, whose novice he becomes before assuming the name of Magonus (famous) and later the ordination-name of Patricius; told in pseudo-archaic English; includes physical details (viz., micturition). See Books Ireland, “First Flush” (April 2003).
Princess Grace Irish Library (Monaco)